Easy Med Notes

  Neoplasia Neoplasia is a new growth It is an excessive an unregulated proliferation that eventually independent of physiologic growth stimuli. cancer Cancer is the common term for malignant tumours. It is derived from the Latin word - crab . clonality A tumour is known to be clonal when the entire cells within a tumour arises from a single cell that has incurred genetic change.  A clonal neoplasm is therefore constituted by cells which carry the same genetic anomaly. Two main components of all neoplasms 1) Tumour cells that have the parenchyma 2) Tumour stroma which is a supporting framework consisting of connective tissue and newly formed blood vessels. Basic principles of carcinogenesis 1) Non-lethal Genetic damage or mutation may be acquired by the action of environmental agents such as chemicals, radiation or viruses. 2) The classes of normal regulatory genes are: I) The growth promoting proto-oncogenes Activation of proto-oncogenes activation gives rise to oncogenes. Pr...