Pineal gland - ANATOMY

 Pineal gland - ANATOMY

The pineal gland is an ENDOCRINE gland

The gland is located in the brain.

The pineal gland produces melatonin

Melatonin helps in human sleep patterns.

It also produce the hormones which inhibits the action of the other endocrine glands in our body

Structures of the pineal gland

It is small endocrine gland, it is approximately about 6mm long 

- Shape : pine cone like shape

(It is where the name of it is derived)

There are 2 types of cells in the gland.

1. Pinealocytes: This is a hormone secreting cells

2. Glial cells: These are supporting cells

The pineal gland is identified in radiographs and CT scans of the head

Position of the pineal gland

It is a midline structure which is located between the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the brain.

Vasculature

Blood supply: Posterior choroidal arteries 

Venous drainage : Internal cerebral veins.

Nerve supply: Receives sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglion

Clinical anatomy of pineal gland

Pineal gland tumors 

Germ cell tumour is the most commonest 


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